
If
Easter is a holiday that was created because of Jesus, then where did
all the eggs and bunnies come from? Well, as I have said many, many
times before, Christianity is based on much older religious texts.
(Many of which were destroyed to keep the origins of Christianity a
secret. Hence why they've burned so many libraries throughout
history) If you want to know the long, drawn out history of Easter,
then I shall share it below.
Easter History : Christian and
Pagan Traditions Interwoven
The history of Easter reveals rich
associations between the Christian faith and the seemingly unrelated
practices of the early pagan religions. Easter history and traditions
that we practice today evolved from pagan symbols, from the ancient
goddess Ishtar to Easter eggs and the Easter bunny.
Easter,
perhaps the most important of the Christian holidays, celebrates the
Christ's resurrection from the dead following his death on Good
Friday. . . a rebirth that is commemorated around the vernal equinox,
historically a time of pagan celebration that coincides with the
arrival of spring and symbolizes the arrival of light and the
awakening of life around us.
Ostara, Goddess of Spring and the
Dawn (Oestre / Eastre)
Easter is named for a Saxon goddess who
was known by the names of Oestre or Eastre, and in Germany by the
name of Ostara. She is a goddess of the dawn and the spring, and her
name derives from words for dawn, the shining light arising from the
east. Our words for the "female hormone" estrogen derives
from her name.
Ostara was, of course, a fertility goddess.
Bringing in the end of winter, with the days brighter and growing
longer after the vernal equinox, Ostara had a passion for new life.
Her presence was felt in the flowering of plants and the birth of
babies, both animal and human. The rabbit (well known for its
propensity for rapid reproduction) was her sacred animal.
Easter
eggs and the Easter Bunny both featured in the spring festivals of
Ostara, which were initially held during the feasts of the goddess
Ishtar | Inanna. Eggs are an obvious symbol of fertility, and the
newborn chicks an adorable representation of new growth. Brightly
colored eggs, chicks, and bunnies were all used at festival time to
express appreciation for Ostara's gift of abundance.
History
of Easter Eggs and Easter Candy
The history of Easter Eggs
as a symbol of new life should come as no surprise. The notion that
the Earth itself was hatched from an egg was once widespread and
appears in creation stories ranging from Asian to Ireland.
Eggs,
in ancient times in Northern Europe, were a potent symbol of
fertility and often used in rituals to guarantee a woman's ability to
bear children. To this day rural "grannywomen" (lay
midwives/healers in the Appalachian mountains) still use eggs to
predict, with uncanny accuracy, the sex of an unborn child by
watching the rotation of an egg as it is suspended by a string over
the abdomen of a pregnant woman.
Dyed eggs are given as
gifts in many cultures. Decorated eggs bring with them a wish for the
prosperity of the abundance during the coming year.
Folklore
suggests that Easter egg hunts arose in Europe during "the
Burning Times", when the rise of Christianity led to the
shunning (and persecution) of the followers of the "Old
Religion". Instead of giving the eggs as gifts the adults made a
game of hiding them, gathering the children together and encouraging
them to find the eggs.
Some believe that the authorities
seeking to find the "heathens" would follow or bribe the
children to reveal where they found the eggs so that the property
owner could be brought to justice.
Green Eggs . . .
. . . and
Ham???
The meat that is traditionally associated with Easter
is ham. Though some might argue that ham is served at Easter since it
is a "Christian" meat, (prohibited for others by the
religious laws of Judaism and Islam) the origin probably lies in the
early practices of the pagans of Northern Europe.
Having
slaughtered and preserved the meat of their agricultural animals
during the Blood Moon celebrations the previous autumn so they would
have food throughout the winter months, they would celebrate the
occasion by using up the last of the remaining cured meats.
In
anticipation that the arrival of spring with its emerging plants and
wildlife would provide them with fresh food in abundance, it was
customary for many pagans to begin fasting at the time of the vernal
equinox, clearing the "poisons" (and excess weight)
produced by the heavier winter meals that had been stored in their
bodies over the winter. Some have suggested that the purpose of this
fasting may have been to create a sought-after state of "altered
consciousness" in time for the spring festivals. One cannot but
wonder if this practice of fasting might have been a forerunner of
"giving up" foods during the Lenten season.
Chocolate
Easter bunnies and eggs, marshmallow chicks in pastel colors, and
candy of all sorts, most of which are given out as personalized gifts
during Easter . . . these have pagan origins as well! To understand
their association with religion we need to examine the meaning of
food as a symbol.
The ancient belief that, by eating something
we take on its characteristics formed the basis for the earliest
"blessings" before meals (a way to honor the life that had
been sacrificed so that we as humans could enjoy life) and,
presumably, for the more recent Christian sacrament of communion as
well.
Shaping candy Easter eggs and bunnies to celebrate
the spring festival was, simply put, a way to celebrate the symbols
of the goddess and the season, while laying claim to their strengths
(vitality, growth, and fertility) for ourselves.
The Goddess
Ostara and the Easter Bunny
Feeling guilty about
arriving late one spring, the Goddess Ostara saved the life of a poor
bird whose wings had been frozen by the snow. She made him her pet
or, as some versions have it, her lover. Filled with compassion for
him since he could no longer fly (in some versions, it was because
she wished to amuse a group of young children), Ostara turned him
into a snow hare and gave him the gift of being able to run with
incredible speed so he could protect himself from hunters.
In
remembrance of his earlier form as a bird, she also gave him the
ability to lay eggs (in all the colors of the rainbow, no less), but
only on one day out of each year.
Eventually the hare
managed to anger the goddess Ostara, and she cast him into the skies
where he would remain as the constellation Lepus (The Hare) forever
positioned under the feet of the constellation Orion (the Hunter). He
was allowed to return to earth once each year, but only to give away
his eggs to the children attending the Ostara festivals that were
held each spring. The tradition of the Easter Bunny had begun.
The
Hare was sacred in many ancient traditions and was associated with
the moon goddesses and the various deities of the hunt. In ancient
times eating the Hare was prohibited except at Beltane (Celts) and
the festival of Ostara (Anglo-Saxons), when a ritual hare-hunt would
take place.
In many cultures rabbits, like eggs, were
considered to be potent remedies for fertility problems. The ancient
philosopher-physician Pliny the Elder prescribed rabbit meat as a
cure for female sterility, and in some cultures the genitals of a
hare were carried to avert barrenness.
Medieval Christians
considered the hare to bring bad fortune, saying witches changed into
rabbits in order to suck the cows dry. It was claimed that a witch
could only be killed by a silver crucifix or a bullet when she
appeared as a hare.
Given their "mad" leaping and
boxing displays during mating season as well as their ability to
produce up to 42 offspring each spring, it is understandable that
they came to represent lust, sexuality, and excess in general.
Medieval Christians considered the hare to be an evil omen, believing
that witches changed into rabbits in order to suck the cows dry. It
was claimed that a witch could only be killed by a silver crucifix or
a bullet when she appeared as a hare.
In later Christian
tradition the white Hare, when depicted at the Virgin Mary's feet,
represents triumph over lust or the flesh. The rabbit's vigilance and
speed came to represent the need to flee from sin and temptation and
a reminder of the swift passage of life.
And, finally, there
is a sweet Christian legend about a young rabbit who, for three days,
waited anxiously for his friend, Jesus, to return to the Garden of
Gethsemane, not knowing what had become of him. Early on Easter
morning, Jesus returned to His favorite garden and was welcomed the
little rabbit. That evening when the disciples came into the garden
to pray, still unaware of the resurrection, they found a clump of
beautiful larkspurs, each blossom bearing the image of a rabbit in
its center as a remembrance of the little creature's hope and faith.
Ishtar,
Goddess of Love, and the First Resurrection (also known as
Inanna)
Ishtar, goddess of romance, procreation, and war
in ancient Babylon, was also worshipped as the Sumerian goddess
Inanna. One of the great goddesses, or "mother goddesses",
the stories of her descent to the Underworld and the resurrection
that follows are contained in the oldest writings that have ever been
discovered. . . the Babylonian creation myth Enuma Elish and the
story of Gilgamesh. Scholars believed that they were based on the
oral mythology of the region and were recorded about 2,100
B.C.E.
The most famous of the myths of Ishtar tell of her
descent into the realm of the dead to rescue her young lover, Tammuz,
a Vegetation god forced to live half the year in the Underworld.
Ishtar approached the gates of the Underworld, which was ruled by her
twin sister Eresh-kigel, the goddess of death and infertility. She
was refused admission.
Similar to the Greek myths of Demeter
and Persephone that came later, during Ishtar's absence the earth
grew barren since all acts of procreation ceased while she was away.
Ishtar screamed and ranted that she would break down the gates and
release all of the dead to overwhelm the world and compete with the
living for the remaining food unless she was allowed to enter and
plead her case with her twin.
Needless to say, she won
admission. But the guard, following standard protocol, refused to let
her pass through the first gate unless she removed her crown. At the
next gate, she had to remove her earrings, then her necklace at the
next, removing her garments and proud finery until she stood humbled
and naked after passing through the seventh (and last) gate.
In
one version, she was held captive and died but was brought back to
life when her servant sprinkled her with the "water of life".
In the more widely known version of the myth, Ishtar's request was
granted and she regained all of her attire and possessions as she
slowly re-emerged through the gates of darkness.
Upon
her return, Tammuz and the earth returned to life. Annual
celebrations of this "Day of Joy", were held each year
around the time of the vernal equinox. These celebrations became the
forerunners of the Ostara festivals that welcomed Oestre and the
arrival of spring.
A section on the Goddess Inanna (the
Sumerian version of the Goddess Ishtar), her myths and symbols, is
included with the myths of the goddesses at this website.
Easter
eggs, the Easter Bunny, the dawn that arrives with resurrection of
life, and the celebration of spring all serve to remind us of the
cycle of rebirth and the need for renewal in our lives. In the
history of Easter, Christian and pagan traditions are gracefully
interwoven.
HAPPY
ISHTAR everybody!
Susanne